At the vehicle level, this low engine efficiency largely offsets the potential gains from the lower carbon content of natural gas. The best performing model, an IVECO engine, only reached 38.1% efficiency over the WHTC. Natural gas engines, preferred by IVECO, had much lower thermal efficiencies than diesel. DAF Trucks and MAN had the most efficient engines, with an average engine efficiency of 42.6% over the WHTC and the top performing models having efficiencies over the WHTC of around 44%. The data also showed that the variations in CO 2 emissions across manufacturers can be explained by different rates of technology adoption. The low market penetration of zero-emission trucks had virtually no impact on the manufacturers’ fleet average emissions. There were no low-emission trucks-defined as having less than half the baseline CO 2 emissions of the respective subgroup-registered. This indicates that, even today, there is a large technology potential not being exploited by manufacturers and truck buyers.ĭuring the first reporting period, a total of 47 zero-emission trucks were registered by the top-selling brands in the regulated groups. For long-haul tractor-trailers (5-LH), there was a 63% difference between the best and worst performing vehicles. In addition, for most vehicle subgroups, the baseline data show a large spread around the mean. Urban delivery trucks with a 4×2 axle configuration (4-UD) emitted on average 307 gCO 2/t-km, that is over five times as much than long-haul tractor-trailers (5-LH) with emissions of 57 gCO 2/t-km. The study found that while the fuel consumption values across the different truck subgroups oscillated between 24 L/100 km and 33 L/100 km, the specific CO 2 emissions showed greater variation. The analysis is intended to inform the discussions on the review of the standards that will take place in 2022. This paper analyses the baseline data to understand how the industry currently performs compared to the targets set out by the European Commission. The recently published heavy-duty vehicle certification data from the European Union are a valuable source of information to assess the values of the CO 2 standards baseline, track the progress of truck manufacturers towards their reduction targets, and understand the various technology pathways chosen by manufacturers to decarbonize their fleets.
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